Tamil in Morse-code

Can we compose a Tamil Morse-code ? Yes, we can.

International Morse Code – Source: Wikipedia

Start with a frequency count of Tamil letters from various sources
Build a probability distribution from the frequency counts
Build a Huffman code using the above distribution
Each letter of Tamil alphabet gets a Morse code : 0 = ‘.’, 1 – ‘-‘.
புள்ளி, கோடு.

Tamil Morse Code Table generated from Open-Tamil library. See here for full code and methodology. Full table follows.

Can you decode what this Morse code means in Tamil ? Hint: 2 words (4,5) letters long

…-. .-.—.-.-..– ..-.–.—.-.-… –.-…. …-. –.-…–.–.. –.-…–.-.. –.-…–.–.-… .-.-…

அ -> ..-…-
ஷ -> —..-
உ -> –.–.-
வ் -> ..-.–.–..
வௌ -> -.-.-…-.-..-..
க -> …-.
வை -> ..-.–…
வோ -> .-…..-….
வொ -> .——.-…–
ங -> -.-.-…-.-…
வே -> .——–
வெ -> -.-…..
வு -> .—…-
வீ -> ..–..-..-
வூ -> ..-.–.—.-..
பௌ -> .-.—..-..-..
தௌ -> —-.
த் -> –.—.–
தொ -> .–…-
னி -> .——..
தை -> …..-
ப் -> ..–…
ன -> .-.—…
தே -> …–…–
தூ -> –.—…
தீ -> -..-.-
து -> …–.–
ற -> ..–.-
வ -> -.-.—
மா -> –.—-.
மி -> -.-.–.-
மை -> -.-….–.
மொ -> ..-.–.–.-
மோ -> .-…..-…-..
மௌ -> –..
ம் -> ..-.–.—-
மீ -> —–..
மு -> –.—..-
மூ -> -.-.-…–
ழொ -> …——-
மெ -> –.-.–
மே -> ..-..-
தா -> …….
தி -> .-.-…
ஞே -> .——.-…-.-.-
வி -> -.-.-.-
வா -> ———.-.-..
றீ -> .—…..-
ய் -> ———.–.
யௌ -> -.-.-…-..
யோ -> .-…..-.—
யொ -> –.-…—-
ஆ -> .——.–
யே -> .—..–.–.
யெ -> …–…-.
ஊ -> -.-.-…-.–.
யூ -> -.-.-…-.—
யு -> -.-.-…-.-..-.–
எ -> .-.—.–
ஞை -> .–.—-
ஞொ -> –.-…–.–.—
ஒ -> –.-…–.–.-.-..
ஞ் -> ..-.-.
ஞீ -> .-.—..-..–
ஞூ -> .—..–.—
ச -> ….-..
ஞெ -> .——-.
ஞ -> ..-.–.—.-.-…
டி -> ….–
டா -> .–.—.
ஷ் -> ..-….
ப -> .—.-
ரா -> -.—
ரி -> —…–..-.
ம -> -.-..-
க் -> -..-..-
கௌ -> ——-.
ல -> .—..-.
கை -> .-…..—
கோ -> ———-
கொ -> .—-.
கே -> ——–..
கெ -> ..-.–.-.
கு -> .-.–..
கீ -> -..–.
ஔ -> …–.-.-..-
கூ -> -.-….—-
கி -> —.-.
கா -> —…–..–
ரூ -> –.-…–.-.-.
ட் -> –.-..-
ரு -> –.-…–.–..
ரெ -> —…–…-
ரே -> –.-.-.-
டை -> .——.-.-..
டே -> .-.—..-..-.–
ரோ -> ———.—
ரை -> ..–..-…-
டூ -> -.-.-…-.-..–
டு -> .–.-.
ர் -> –.-….
ஞா -> .-……
ஞி -> –.-…–.–.-.-.-
ரீ -> ..-.–.—…
யி -> .-.—.-.-.-
யா -> .-…..-.–..
டௌ -> .-…..-.-.
டோ -> –.-…–.—
டொ -> ..–..–
ஃ -> —–.-.
இ -> ……—-
னா -> –.-…-.
ஏ -> .-..—
று -> .-…..-.–.-
ரொ -> .-.—.-..
ஓ -> ———.-.–
றூ -> .-…..-…–.
றே -> —…–.-
டெ -> -.-.-..-
றை -> .——.-….
றோ -> -.-.-…-.-.-
றொ -> .—–.
ற் -> —.–
ட -> -..-…
ண -> ..-.–.—.-.-..-
ஷி -> …–.-..
லா -> -.-…-
லி -> ……-.
நை -> .-.-.-
ய -> -.-….—.
நொ -> .-.—..-.-
நோ -> .——.-..–
ள -> .-…-
ரௌ -> –.-…–.–.-.—
நௌ -> ..-.—
ந் -> ———..
நூ -> —…-..
நீ -> .-..-.
நு -> -.-….-.
நெ -> .-.—.-.–
நே -> .-.-..–
ங் -> .–….-
நி -> –.-…–.–.-…
ஙு -> .-.—..-…
லெ -> –.-…–..
லே -> —…—
லு -> ..-.–.—..-
லூ -> –.-…–.–.-..-
லௌ -> ..—
ல் -> -.-.–..
யீ -> –.–..
லை -> .-.—.-.-..–
லொ -> …—-.—
லோ -> .—..–.-.
ளொ -> .-…..-..-
ஸ் -> –.-…–.–.–.
தோ -> …——.
றி -> .-.-..-.
றா -> ——–.-
னை -> …—-..
னோ -> .——.-.–
னொ -> ———.-.-.-
ன் -> -.–.
னு -> .—……
னீ -> .——.-..-.
னூ -> .——.-.-.–
னே -> ..-.–.—.–
னெ -> —–.–.-
சௌ -> –.-…—.-
ச் -> .-….-
சை -> ..–..-.-
சொ -> …–…..
சோ -> .—..–..
ஈ -> ..–..-….
செ -> ——..
சே -> …–….-
சீ -> —…-.-
சு -> .-..–.
சூ -> ……—.
ளோ -> .-…..-…—
ஐ -> .-.—..-..-.-.
ளை -> .—..—
ணி -> .–.–..
ணா -> –.-…–.-..
ள் -> —….
ளூ -> –.-…–.-.—
நா -> -.-.-….
ளு -> .——.-…-..
ளீ -> .-.—.-.-..-.
ளே -> .-.—.-.-…
ளெ -> …–.-.-…
ழா -> ——.-
ழி -> -…
த -> …–.-.–
ந -> .–…..
யை -> ———.-..
றெ -> .–..-
ர -> ..-.–.—.-.-.–
பை -> —–.–..
ழ -> …—–.
பொ -> –.-.-..
போ -> ..-.–..-
பெ -> .—….-
பே -> .——.-…-.-..
பீ -> …—-.–.
பு -> -..—
பூ -> ……–.
பா -> .-.—-
பி -> .-.–.-
தெ -> …—-.-.
ழ் -> —–.—
ழீ -> –.-…–.–.-.–.
ழோ -> –.-…–.-.–.
ழை -> .-…..–.
ழெ -> ..-.–.—.-.-.-.
ழே -> -.-.-…-.-..-.-.
ழூ -> .-…..-…-.-.
டீ -> .-…..-…-.–.
ழு -> –.—–
ணோ -> .——.-.-.-.
ணொ -> .-…..-…-.—
ணை -> –.—.-.
ளி -> .–.–.-
ளா -> …–.-.-.-
ண் -> ….-.-
ணூ -> .——.-…-.–
ணு -> .-.—..–
ணீ -> —…–….
ணே -> ..-.–.—.-.–
ணெ -> –.-…—..
சா -> …–..-
சி -> …—.

Caveats and Closing Comments

Of course 15 of 247 letters are perhaps not received any codeword in this codebook. Further with inclusion of Grantha letters, 323 letters exist in Tamil some of which we don’t have code words.

Further, a large text corpus like Project Madurai’s [PM] unigram frequency distribution maybe useful to develop a widely representative Morse code table. Once you have this PM unigram data, you know how to get this Tamil Morse codebook regenerated!

தமிழ்கருவி

2007-இல் எனது முதல் தமிழ் மென்பொருளை உருவாக்கினேன். இன்று தொலைந்த மென்பொருள்கலில் ஒன்று. எப்படி தொலயவிட்டேன் ? காலம்.

மிதம் https://egovindia.wordpress.com/2007/01/09/tamil-transliteration-tool-using-gtk-toolkit-for-gnome-environment/

Screen Shot 2018-08-11 at 1.47.00 AM

Tamilpesu.us update – Text Summarizer

Tamilpesu.us updated on Aug 8th. This brings all bug fixes of the development in Open-Tamil from March 2018 to present, and new functionality via Tamil text summarizer. This works on text analysis of essay input to split into sentences and words, and forms a correlation matrix to develop a score based off that we pull sentences from text into final summary. Give it a try http://tamilpesu.us/

Text summarizer output of the article from The Hindu Tamil newspaper. Its quite relevant summary in this case, providing an agreeable output.

Unfortunately we are not able to put the Tamil word classifier [using SciKit Learn and Python] online since currently the Python/Django dependency on AWS machine is incompatible; wait for that in future or try it out by yourself.

Thanks to all our contributors, as always to keep this volunteer work going.

Tamilisch – தமிழ் மொழியின் பெயர்

முதல் முரை நான் செருமன் மொழி கற்கும் போது தமிழ் மொழியின் பெயர் Tamilisch என்று சொன்னாங்க. ஜெர்மென் கற்க வாய்ப்பை பயன்படுத்திக்கொள்ளமுடியவில்லை.

ஒரு தானியங்கி ஆட்டொமாடிக்கா பல மொழிகளில் தமிழ் மொழியின் பெயர் இதோ!

Language	Word for ‘தமிழ்’	Code
Afrikaans	tamil	af
Albanian	tamil	sq
Amharic	ታሚልኛ	am
Arabic	التاميل	ar
Armenian	թամիլերեն	hy
Azerbaijani	Tamil	az
Basque	tamil	eu
Belarusian	тамільская	be
Bengali	তামিল	bn
Bosnian	Tamil	bs
Bulgarian	тамилски	bg
Catalan	tamil	ca
cebCebuano	Tamil	nga
Chichewa	Tamil	ny
Chinese (Simplified)	泰米尔人	zh
Chinese (Traditional)	泰米爾人	zh-TW
Corsican	Tamil	co
Croatian	tamilski	hr
Czech	tamil	cs
Danish	Tamil	da
Dutch	Tamil	nl
English	Tamil	en
Esperanto	tamila	eo
Estonian	tamil	et
Filipino	Tamil	tl
Finnish	tamil	fi
French	tamoul	fr
Frisian	tamil	fy
Galician	tamil	gl
Georgian	Tamil	ka
German	Tamilisch	de
Greek	Ταμίλ	el
Gujarati	તમિલ	gu
Haitian Creole	Tamil	ht
Hausa	Tamil	ha
Hawaiian	Tamil	haw
Hebrew	טמילית	iw
Hindi	तामिल	hi
Hmong	Tamil	hmn
Hungarian	tamil	hu
Icelandic	tamil	is
Igbo	Tamil	ig
Indonesian	Tamil	id
Irish	tamil	ga
Italian	Tamil	it
Japanese	タミル語	ja
Javanese	Tamil	jw
Kannada	ತಮಿಳು	kn
Kazakh	Тамил	kk
Khmer	ភាសាតាមីល	km
Korean	타밀	ko
Kurdish (Kurmanji)	Tamil	ku
Kyrgyz	Tamil	ky
Lao	ທະມິນ	lo
Latin	Tamil	la
Latvian	Tamilu	lv
Lithuanian	tamilų	lt
Luxembourgish	Tamil	lb
Macedonian	Тамилските	mk
Malagasy	Tamil	mg
Malay	Tamil	ms
Malayalam	തമിഴ്	ml
Maltese	tamil	mt
Maori	Tamil	mi
Marathi	तामिळ	mr
Mongolian	Тамил	mn
Myanmar (Burmese)	တမီး	my
Nepali	तामिल	ne
Norwegian	Tamil	no
Pashto	تامیل	ps
Persian	تامیل	fa
Polish	Tamil	pl
Portuguese	tâmil	pt
Punjabi	ਤਾਮਿਲ	pa
Romanian	tamilă	ro
Russian	тамильский	ru
Samoan	Tamil	sm
Scots Gaelic	Tamil	gd
Serbian	тамилски	sr
Sesotho	Tamil	st
Shona	Tamil	sn
Sindhi	تامل	sd
Sinhala	දෙමළ	si
Slovak	tamil	sk
Slovenian	tamil	sl
Somali	Tamil	so
Spanish	Tamil	es
Sundanese	Tamil	su
Swahili	Tamil	sw
Swedish	Tamil	sv
Tajik	тамилӣ	tg
Tamil	தமிழ்	ta
Telugu	తమిళ	te
Thai	มิลักขะ	th
Turkish	Tamilce	tr
Ukrainian	тамільська	uk
Urdu	تمل	ur
Uzbek	Tamil	uz
Vietnamese	Tamil	vi
Welsh	tamil	cy
Xhosa	Tamil	xh
Yiddish	טאַמיל	yi
Yoruba	Tamil	yo
Zulu	Tamil	zu

இதன் நிரல் இங்க்கே:

Apple’s second Keyboard for Tamil

Traditionally Apple Keyboard for Tamil has supported “Tamil Standard” [there are some anecdotal frustrations of senior Tamil computing innovators about Apple culturally appropriating this ‘Tamil99’ as their ‘standard’ and stripping away any mention of Tamil99, but this is for another day. Shh.] or Tamil99 layout which is quite useful for most practitioners. However one may observe in Tamil computer user community the prevalence of preference for transliteration input [Google has trained us by providing some good tools here, and Apple follows suit].

Beginning with iOS 12, Apple has released a Tamil transliterator. இதன் வழி எப்படியும் தமிழில் டைப்பிங் செய்யலாம்.

Apple iOS v12 update provides an additional IM by Tamil Keyboard with transliteration input. This July, 2018 updates provides this facility in Apple iPhone and Mac devices via iOS 12.

This method is useful for typing short sentences for my use so far, but I have to spend long enough time to pick it up. I hope Apple continues to support this feature and introduce Tamil input to several newer younger generation folks.

Plusses include – easy predictive input. Minusses include – somewhat non-intuitive mapping for certain letters. I cannot post a full review here, only for lack of trying. Thanks, Apple.

Language Transformations

Question of Translation

How can you convert a text like “Me Amor!” to “என் உயிரே!” [from Spanish to தமிழ்] ? Lets assume we have Spanish to English and Tamil to English translators [bidirectional with English] then we can convert Spanish to English then to Tamil. Likewise one can translate between any two languages from a clique of languages [so far as the clique is defined such that each language can be translated to at least one other language in clique].

Development – Theory

Language can exist as text (print/message/document) or speech (audio, conversations) etc. Ideas are represented in any language. Ideas originate from one language and move to another, or sometimes originate iñ many lañguages simultaneously. Ideas cañ cross from oñe language to añother via text or speech.

In mathematical terms if we write L as set of lañguages = { L₁, L₂, .. L_n} and then if we define each language as a tuple L_i = (T_i,S_i) then we may further define mathematical function operating on text and converting it to speech as :

TTS_i : T_i -> S_i

we may define a function speech recognition as,

ASR_i : S_i -> T_i

we may also define a translation function as,

TX_ij : L_i -> L_j

Essentially what we can do is by representing the language as a node in a graph with two text and speech parts to it, we may connect these nodes to each other via the edges – functions – like ASR and TTS, and to nodes of other languages via translators function edge.

In a graph with only two languages [English, Tamil] with all edges representing functions like TTS, ASR within same language and functions like Translator between two languages (one for each direction) we see a graph like the following:

Fig. 1: Language transformation graph. Nodes represent languages and their components. Edges represent functions like TTS, ASR [for same language] and Translators [directional between languages]. Clearly we may see this is a directed graph with ability to go from a specific language to another language in text or speech or both forms, provided a path exists from source to target language. Using such a graph with no orphan nodes, we may have universal translation powers from language A to language B [so far as bidirectional connectivity is present with at least one neighbor].

Problems to Ponder

So the curious reader now having a background of representing the translation problem as a graph problem of reaching node B from node A, can use rich set of path finding algorithms and shortest distance algorithms may attempt to answer some of these questions:

What is the graph criteria for a language to have no translations ?
What is the graph criteria for a language to not be able to have virtual assistant ? [Siri, Cortana, Alexa etc.]
Conversely, to 2, what is minimum criteria [necessary but not sufficient] to have a virtual assistant [that can speak and listen] ?
Given two paths to translating from language A -> F, which are of two different lengths which one would you choose and why? Assume all jumps have a uniform information loss. What if information loss at each edge is non-uniform, how can you optimized such a problem ?
How would you introduce a new language into this graph so that it maybe translated to all other languages [unidirectionally] ?
How would you introduce a new language into this graph so that it can be bi-directionally translated ?
How can you represent the transliteration function in this graph ?

Answers will be posted soon! Feel free to leave your comments in section below.

-Muthu

Dispatches from Kovai, India

Kovai – Coimbatore, India – also known as Manchester of India, and various monickers for its beautiful weather, Tamil dialect, and cool weather at foothills of the Nilgiris-Ooty mountain range and clear waters from Sravani river, it is a microcosm of all that is nice and beautiful in முல்லை Tamilnadu.

Our team of fearless open-source enthusiasts añd contributing developers of open-tamil project, Shrinivasan and our newest contributor this year Syed Abuthahir made an impressive presentation at the conference, and gained new clients for the open-tamil library demonstrating the prowess of various tools, particularly from the web-interface http://tamilpesu.us

Growth and evolution of Open-Tamil – presented at TNAU, Coimbatore. Full slides here

Syed has gladly shared the presentation with me, and I put it up on slideshare for all of us to read/comment. Thanks to all earnest contributions of time, effort, code and thought towards this project over the years!

Best Regards,